TOK Oral Titles

 

1. What is the relationship between the natural sciences and social responsibility? Choose a recent scientific and/or technological development as a focus and consider its ethical implications. Who bears the moral responsibility for directing or limiting development of such knowledge, and on what basis can that responsibility be justified?

 

2. How do the human sciences help us to understand many of the misunderstandings and friction which frequently arise between groups of people? Identify a contemporary problem involving the interaction of groups (for example, ethnic, racial socioeconomic, or religious groups) and consider the knowledge given by psychology, anthropology and economics. In what ways can these disciplines illuminate the causes and the characteristics of the problem? In what ways might they also be relevant to possible solutions? Are there other disciplines, which would increase our understanding of the particular issue?

 

3. Does history tell us the truth? Choose any single historical incident and use it to explore the nature and complexities of historical truth. In what ways is this exploration of the past relevant to an understanding of the present? Is there any contemporary incident, which it illuminates?

 

4. How do we know whether we are acting in a 'good' or 'moral' way? Select any ethical issue and examine it from two or more ethical viewpoints. The purpose is to seek the differing grounds on which claims to justifying moral behavior may be made, not to prove that one way is the 'right' way.

 

5. On what bases do spiritual beliefs rest? Choose an example of a particular belief (for example, about the creation of the world or the nature of a life after death) and consider it from the point of view of atheism and at least two major religions, presenting in each case the justifications which persuade the believers. Your goal is not to establish any religion as right or wrong., but to explore belief and justification. To what extent can spiritual belief be classified as 'knowledge'?. Would denying a belief the status of knowledge decrease its value or significance?

 

6. Identify an issue of interest in your local area (for example, genetically modified food in Germany, native land claims in Canada, construction of hydroelectric dams in Chile, the destruction of the Amazon forest in Brazil, or drug policy in The Netherlands), which introduces a conflict of concepts and values. Examine the facts,, languages and images used by at least two sides in the conflict in their representation of the issue. In the process, identify assumptions, justifications, values and emotions,, which diverge. To what extent can you find valid arguments?

 

7. Identify an issue of global significance (for example, AIDS, genocide, refugees, abuses of human rights, desertification, pollution and global warming, and uneven distribution of world resources) which introduces a conflict of concepts and values. Examine the facts, language, statistics, and images used by at lest two sides in the conflict in their representation of the issue. In the process, identify assumptions, justifications, values and emotions,, which diverge. To what extent can you find the truth of the issue?

 

8. Select one new development in knowledge, and consider its effect on the discipline within which it has developed, and its challenge to ethics or Areas of Knowledge. In science and technology, for example, you might focus on the human genome project, cloning, nuclear power, or the IT revolution. In the arts, you might focus on computer‑generated art or electronic music.

 

9. Can purposely misleading the public be justified, as sometimes occurs in politics or advertising? Consider cases of intentional misinformation, or cases of the use of fallacious arguments, in these and other Areas of Knowledge such as science, the arts, or history.